2025-06-12

Reading for Today:
今日读经：

2 Kings 11:1–13:25
列王纪下 11:1–13:25
Psalm 73:1-9
诗篇 73:1-9
Proverbs 18:16-17
箴言 18:16-17
John 19:23-42
约翰福音 19:23-42

Notes:
注解：

2 Kings 11:17 a covenant. The renewal of the agreement between the people and the Lord and between the house of David and the people was appropriate because of the disruption under Athaliah. A similar ceremony was held later, during the reign of Josiah (23:1–3).
列王纪下 11:17 立约。 由于亚他利雅带来的混乱，百姓与耶和华之间、以及大卫家与百姓之间重新立约是合宜的。类似的仪式后来在约西亚作王时也举行过（23:1-3）。

2 Kings 13:21 he revived. A dead man returned to life after touching Elisha’s bones. This miracle was a sign that God’s power continued to work in relationship to Elisha even after his death. What God had promised to Jehoash through Elisha when he was alive would surely come to pass after the prophet’s death (vv. 19,25) in the defeat of the enemy, the recovery of the cities that had been taken, and their restoration to the kingdom of Israel (vv. 22–25).
列王纪下 13:21 就复活了。 有一个死人的尸体触及以利沙的骸骨后复活。这个神迹表明神的能力即使在以利沙死后仍然运行与他所关联的事上。神借着以利沙在他在世时向约阿施所应许的，必定要在先知去世后实现——仇敌被击败、被掳去的城邑得以收复，并归还以色列国（22-25节）。

Proverbs 18:16 man’s gift. This is not the word for a bribe (17:23), but rather the word for a present given to someone (Jacob’s gift, Gen. 32:20, 21; Joseph’s gift, Gen. 43:11; David’s gift, 1 Sam. 17:17, 18; and Abigail’s gift, 1 Sam. 25:27).
箴言 18:16 人的礼物。 这里所说的不是“贿赂”（见17:23），而是指送给他人的礼物（雅各的礼物，创32:20-21；约瑟的礼物，创43:11；大卫的礼物，撒上17:17-18；亚比该所送的礼物，撒上25:27）。

John 19:23 His garments...and also the tunic. By custom, the clothes of the condemned person were the property of the executioners. The division of the garments suggests that the execution squad was made up of 4 soldiers (Acts 12:4). The tunic was worn next to the skin. The plural garments probably refers to other clothes, including an outer garment, belt, sandals, and head covering.
约翰福音 19:23 他的衣服……和里衣。 按照习俗，被定罪之人的衣服归行刑人所有。衣服被分为几份，暗示执行刑罚的是四名兵丁（徒12:4）。里衣是贴身穿的。这里用复数“衣服”，大概还包括其它穿着，例如外衣、腰带、鞋子和头巾。

John 19:24 John cites Psalm 22:18. In the psalm, David, beset by physical distress and mockery by his opponents, used the symbolism of the common practice in an execution scene in which the executioner divided the victim’s clothes to portray the depth of his trouble. It is notable that David precisely described a form of execution that he had never seen. The passage was typologically prophetic of Jesus, David’s heir to the messianic throne (Matt. 27:46; Mark 15:34).
约翰福音 19:24 约翰引用诗篇22:18。这首诗里，大卫在遭受肉体痛苦和仇敌讥笑时，用当时行刑人分割受刑者衣服的常见情景作为象征，描写自己困苦的深度。值得注意的是，大卫准确预言了一种他从未见过的刑罚方式。此处正是指向耶稣——大卫那要承受弥赛亚宝座的后裔（参太27:46；可15:34）。

DAY 12: Was there any question as to whether Jesus died or not?
第十二天：关于耶稣是否真的死了，有过怀疑吗？

In His death on the cross, Jesus finally cried out, “It is finished!” (John 19:30).The verb here carries the idea of fulfilling one’s task and, in religious contexts, has the idea of fulfilling one’s religious obligations. The entire work of redemption had been brought to completion. The single Greek word here (translated “it is finished”) has been found in the papyri being placed on receipts for taxes meaning paid in full (Col. 3:13,14).“He gave up His spirit.” The sentence signaled that Jesus handed over His spirit as an act of His will. No one took His life from Him, for He voluntarily and willingly gave it up (10:17, 18).
当耶稣在十字架上死的时候，他最终喊出：“成了！”（约19:30）。这个动词有完成使命的意思，在宗教语境中指的是履行宗教责任。整个救赎的工作已经完成。这句希腊语单词（中文译为“成了”）在古代纸草文献中常出现在税据上，意指“已经付清”（参西3:13-14）。“他便交出灵魂。” 这句话说明耶稣自愿地交出自己的灵魂。没有人夺了他的命，是他自己甘心情愿地舍了生命（10:17,18）。

It was “Preparation Day” (v. 31). This refers to Friday, the day before or the preparation day for the Sabbath. “Bodies should not remain on the cross on the Sabbath.” The normal Roman practice was to leave crucified men and women on the cross until they died (and this could take days) and then leave their rotting bodies hanging there to be devoured by vultures. The Mosaic Law insisted that anyone being impaled (usually after execution) should not remain there overnight (Deut. 21:22, 23). Such a person was under God’s curse, and to leave him exposed would be to desecrate the land in their minds. So “the Jews asked Pilate that their legs might be broken.” In order to hasten death for certain reasons, soldiers would smash the legs of the victim with an iron mallet. Not only did this action induce shock and additional loss of blood, but it prevented the victim from pushing with his legs to keep breathing, and thus the victim died due to asphyxiation.
那天是“预备日”（31节），指的是星期五，也就是为安息日所作的预备日。“尸体不应在安息日留在十字架上。” 罗马通常的做法是把钉十字架的人留在木头上直到他们死去（有的甚至需数天），之后还让尸体挂在那里，被秃鹫吞吃。而摩西律法则明确规定，被悬挂的人（通常是被处死之后）不可留过夜（申21:22-23），因这样的人成了神所咒诅的，如果一直暴尸，按以色列人的心目，会使地受玷污。所以“犹太人求彼拉多把他们的腿打断”，这是为了加快死期，兵丁就会用铁锤砸断受刑人的腿。这种做法不仅使受刑者因休克和失血而加速死亡，更使他们无法借腿部支撑来呼吸，于是窒息而死。

However, the soldier’s stabbing of Jesus’ side caused significant penetration because of the sudden flow of blood and water (v. 34). Either the spear pierced Jesus’ heart or the chest cavity was pierced at the bottom. In either event, John mentioned the outflow of blood and water to emphasize that Jesus was unquestionably dead.
然而，兵丁用枪刺耶稣肋旁，流出血和水（34节），显然刺得很深。要么枪刺穿了耶稣的心脏，要么自下而上刺入胸腔。不论是哪一种，约翰特别提及血和水一同流出，就是要强调耶稣确实已经死了，没有任何疑问。

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